When attempting to manage and control invasive Phragmites, it is important to first determine if the plants you are managing are the native or invasive strain of Phragmites. Native Phragmites is an important component of a healthy wetland ecosystem. It grows in marshes and unlike the invasive strain, does not typically develop into dense monocultures or degrade habitat quality. There are certain morphological differences that do exist between the native and invasive Phragmites, which can help determine what strain you are dealing with.
Stem Density
Invasive

High
Native

Low
Stem Colour at Base (spring/summer)
Invasive

Tan
Native

Red to chestnut
Stem Texture
Native

Smooth and shiny
Invasive

Rough and dull
Leaf Colour
Native

Yellow-green
Invasive

Blue-green
Leaf Sheaths
Native
Fall off in fall, easily removed
Invasive
Remain attached, difficult to remove
Ligule Width
Native

> 1 mm (1.0 to 1.7 mm)
Invasive

< 1 mm (0.4 to 0.9 mm)